History Montauban

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arcade @ place nationale in montauban


montauban second oldest (after mont-de-marsan) of bastides of southern france. foundation dates 1144 when count alphonse jourdain of toulouse, granted liberal charter. inhabitants drawn chiefly montauriol, village had grown around neighbouring monastery of st théodard.


in 13th century town suffered ravages of albigensian war , inquisition, 1317 had recovered sufficiently chosen john xxii head of diocese of basilica of st théodard became cathedral.



redition of montauban, 21 august 1629. château de richelieu.


in 1360, under treaty of brétigny, ceded english; expelled inhabitants in 1414. in 1560 bishops , magistrates embraced protestantism, expelled monks, , demolished cathedral. ten years later became 1 of 4 huguenot strongholds under peace of saint-germain, , formed small independent republic. headquarters of huguenot rebellion of 1621, , withstood 86-day siege louis xiii. did not submit royal authority until after fall of la rochelle in 1629, when fortifications destroyed cardinal richelieu. protestants again suffered persecution after revocation of edict of nantes in 1685.


in 17th century, king of france revoked “l’Édit de nantes”. montauban considered intellectual city. because montauban protestant town, started resist , hold position against royal power , refused give allegiance catholic king. scare off king’s opponents , speed end of siege, 400 cannonballs fired, montauban resisted , royal army vanquished. saint jacques church still marked cannonballs, , every year in september, city celebrates “les 400 coups” (the 400 shots), has become common phrase in french.


during world war ii, leonardo da vinci s mona lisa briefly hidden in secret vault behind wine cellar @ montauban.







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