Semantics Management systems for road safety

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1 semantics

1.1 road safety
1.2 accident
1.3 cause of accidents
1.4 problem-solving





semantics

the field of road safety handicapped terminology. words have power them conveys impressions meanings, phenomena in case results in sub-optimal approaches prevention, follows:


road safety

the name “road safety” have conveyed in field activities need concentrate on items belong roads and, extension, roads authorities, keeping reduced scope of activities in number of different areas, in spite of potentially significant contributions. example, in uk, burrough, (1991) indicates one-third of target reduction delivered road safety engineering measures while koornstra ( 2002) indicates “the contribution of local road engineering fatality reductions between 1980 , 2000 estimated 4% sweden, 10% britain, , 5% netherlands”. whereas tec (2003), quotes research imperial college, london indicates progress in medical technology , care made significant contribution 45% fall of fatalities during last 20 years, , account 700 lives saved annually in uk, , further puts forward lack of consideration of benefits coming medical area, suggests road safety less effective thought. remarkable implicitly author of research doesn’t consider medical activities component of road safety management system.


it reflects confusion between space phenomenon occurs (mainly roads) , design of management systems control it, in “roads” 11% of activities (one area out of 9 in previous table).


accident

the use of word “accident” connotations of being , unavoidable event, weaken resolve intervene in order reduce crashes , resulting harm. evans (1991) argues word “crash” indicates in simple factual way observed, while “accident” seems suggest in addition general explanation of why occurred.


cause of accidents

road safety recognizes crashes, , consequences, multifactor events, ogden (1996) indicates: “an approach based in notions of cause , blame simplistic in extreme”. in short, crashes have factors not causes .


problem-solving

old approaches emphasize concept of problem-solving in road safety, more correct recognize road safety activities doesn’t solve problems. instance, when safer road design implemented, number of crashes, or seriousness, go down, not disappear. more correct implementation of correct policies, programs , measures reduce numbers or consequences of crashes, no ´´solved´´.


this realization important, because changes focus problem go away if devote enough resources it, situation requiring on-going management. management in turn requires development of scientifically based techniques, witch enable predict confidence safety resources well-spent , effective.







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