Beginnings: the 32016 and 32032 NS320xx

-


ns32008 microprocessor


the original 32016 had 16-bit external databus, 24-bit external address bus, , full 32-bit instruction set. included coprocessor interface, allowing coprocessors such fpus , mmus attached peers main processor. mmu based on demand paging virtual memory, unusual feature compared segmented memory approach used competition, , has become standard how microprocessors designed today. architecture supported instruction restart mechanism on page fault, cleaner motorola approach dump internal status on page fault, had read back, before instruction continued.



ns32016 microprocessor



ns32081 fpu



ns32032 microprocessor


the first chip in series called 16032, later renamed 32016 emphasize 32-bit internals. became available in 1982, , may have been first 32-bit chip reach mass production , sale (at least according national semiconductor marketing). mc68000 released earlier instruction set allowing 32-bit operations, internal implementation 16-bit, 32-bit instructions take twice time of 16-bit instruction. 16032 32-bit instructions fast 16-bit instructions. took long time chip production, , in 1984 errata list still contained items specifying uncontrollable conditions result in processor coming halt, forcing reset. nsc changed design methodology make possible part production , design system based on language z co-developed university of tel-aviv, close nsc design centre in herzlya, israel. z language similar today s verilog , vhdl, had pascal-like syntax , optimized two-phase clock designs.


the instruction set resembled, not compatible with, of popular dec vax minicomputer. extremely complex regular, large set of addressing modes. 32016 considered similar motorola 68000, used 32-bit internals 16-bit data bus , 24-bit address bus. rejected nsc employees; 1 of key marketing phrases of time elegance , comparing highly orthogonal series 32000 kludge . 1 key difference motorola s use of address register , data registers, instructions working on either address or data registers. series 32000 had general-purpose registers.


the original intention of national semiconductor design vax-11 on chip, , national took dec court in california (home of nsc) ensure legality of design. when dec managed lawsuit moved massachusetts (home of dec), lawsuit dropped , series 32000 architecture developed.


the 32032 introduced in 1984. compatible, featured 32-bit data bus (although keeping 24-bit address bus) faster performance. 32032 renamed @ same time 16032, , new name 32032. there 32008, 32016 data bus cut down 8-bits wide low-cost applications. philosophically similar mc68008, , equally unpopular. both these chips designed fit original ibm pc, rejected in favour of intel s 8088.


national semiconductor produced related support chips floating point units (fpus) ns32081, memory management units (mmus) ns32082, direct memory access (dma) ns32203 , interrupt ns32202 controllers. full set plus memory chips , peripherals, feasible build 32-bit computer system capable of supporting modern multi-tasking operating systems, had been possible on expensive minicomputers , mainframes.



die photos

















































Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Life and work Ustad Mansur

-
tulip kashmir (c. 1610) mansur naqqash the year of mansur s birth unknown. name suffixed in miniatures naqqash, can refer artist, painter, or carver, indicating came family in artistic profession. single miniature showing babur meeting sister (folio 8, national museum) attributed mansur otherwise finds no mention in babur s memoirs (baburnama). associated other artists of period including basawan, miskina , nanha. during akbar s reign appears have been involved colourist in plates book of akbar (akbarnama) , name not mentioned abu l-fazl among list of artists. akbar followed principle artwork should include name of artist on margin. british museum s copy of akbarnama (1604) includes folios (35,110a,110b , 112a) name prefixed ustad (=master), indicating rise excellence. early works included parts of portraits , other scenes. earliest works made part of baburnama (1590–95) , of these assistant or colourist. veena-player (c. 1595) , coronation portrait of jahangir (c. 1605, made along
Read more

Examples Wreath product

-
^ j. w. davies , a. o. morris, schur multiplier of generalized symmetric group , j. london math. soc (2), 8, (1974), pp. 615-620 ^ p. graczyk, g. letac , h. massam, hyperoctahedral group, symmetric group representations , moments of real wishart distribution , j. theoret. probab. 18 (2005), no. 1, 1-42. ^ joseph j. rotman, introduction theory of groups, p. 176 (1995) ^ l. kaloujnine, la structure des p-groupes de sylow des groupes symétriques finis , annales scientifiques de l École normale supérieure. troisième série 65, pp. 239–276 (1948)
Read more

Kiev 35 mm cameras Kiev (brand)

-
kiev 4a rangefinder camera kiev 4 jupiter-8m lens , original camera case kiev produced several 35 mm film rangefinder cameras clones of pre-war contax ii , contax iii cameras, , range of 35mm slr cameras. after war had ended, soviet union demanded new sets of contax tools original toolmaker in dresden , ordered fair number of trial cameras made zeiss trademarks , coated lenses these 1946 in postwar east germany. successful, german instructors transferred kiev. missing specialists in few cases recruited in west germany. still available parts went in same direction. in fact, removing front of kiev ii cameras, 1 see metal stamped contax name, pressed out , re-stamped kiev. kiev 15 tee kiev 19 body kiev rangefinders retained same lens mount prewar contax rangefinders , lenses can interchanged. cameras went through few minor modifications become kiev iii , kiev 4. there kiev 5 modernized upper part integrated meter. attractive, though poorly made , unreliable, production terminated. other m
Read more