Ancient Rome Manumission

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under roman law, slave had no personhood , protected under law or master s property. in ancient rome, slave had been manumitted libertus (feminine liberta) , citizen.



relief depicting manumission of 2 slaves (1st century bc, musée de mariemont)


a freed slave customarily took or former owner s family name, is, nomen (see roman naming conventions) of or master s gens. former owner became or patron (patronus). client (cliens), freed person retained obligations or master, in turn owed mutual favors. freed slave acquire multiple patrons.


a freed slave became citizen. not citizens, however, held same rights , privileges (for instance, women citizens, not vote or hold public office; see roman citizenship). former slave s rights limited or defined particular statutes. freed slaves become civil servants not hold higher magistracies (see instance apparitor , scriba), serve priests of emperor, or hold of other highly respected public positions. if sharp businesspeople, there no social limits wealth amass. children of freedman held full legal rights, though roman society stratified. 1 of famous romans have been son of freedman poet horace, enjoyed patronage of augustus.


a notable character of latin literature trimalchio, ostentatiously nouveau riche freedman in satyricon of petronius.








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