Pharmacokinetics Strychnine

-



1 pharmacokinetics

1.1 absorption
1.2 distribution
1.3 metabolism
1.4 excretion





pharmacokinetics

absorption

strychnine may introduced body orally, inhalation, or injection. potently bitter substance, , in humans has been shown activate bitter taste receptors tas2r10 , tas2r46. strychnine rapidly absorbed gastrointestinal tract.


distribution

strychnine transported plasma , erythrocytes. due slight protein binding, strychnine leaves bloodstream , distributes tissues. approximately 50% of ingested dose can enter tissues in 5 minutes. within few minutes of ingestion, strychnine can detected in urine. little difference noted between oral , intramuscular administration of strychnine in 4 mg dose. in persons killed strychnine, highest concentrations found in blood, liver, kidney , stomach wall. usual fatal dose 60–100 mg strychnine , fatal after period of 1–2 hours, though lethal doses vary depending on individual.


metabolism

strychnine rapidly metabolized liver microsomal enzyme system requiring nadph , o2. strychnine competes inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine resulting in excitatory state. however, toxicokinetics after overdose have not been described. in severe cases of strychnine poisoning, patient dies before reaching hospital. biological half-life of strychnine 10 hours. half-life suggests normal hepatic function can efficiently degrade strychnine when quantity ingested high enough cause severe poisoning [citation needed].


excretion

a few minutes after ingestion, strychnine excreted unchanged in urine, , accounts 5 15% of sublethal dose given on 6 hours. approximately 10 20% of dose excreted unchanged in urine in first 24 hours. percentage excreted decreases increasing dose. of amount excreted kidneys, 70% excreted in first 6 hours, , 90% in first 24 hours. excretion virtually complete in 48 72 hours.








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Life and work Ustad Mansur

-
tulip kashmir (c. 1610) mansur naqqash the year of mansur s birth unknown. name suffixed in miniatures naqqash, can refer artist, painter, or carver, indicating came family in artistic profession. single miniature showing babur meeting sister (folio 8, national museum) attributed mansur otherwise finds no mention in babur s memoirs (baburnama). associated other artists of period including basawan, miskina , nanha. during akbar s reign appears have been involved colourist in plates book of akbar (akbarnama) , name not mentioned abu l-fazl among list of artists. akbar followed principle artwork should include name of artist on margin. british museum s copy of akbarnama (1604) includes folios (35,110a,110b , 112a) name prefixed ustad (=master), indicating rise excellence. early works included parts of portraits , other scenes. earliest works made part of baburnama (1590–95) , of these assistant or colourist. veena-player (c. 1595) , coronation portrait of jahangir (c. 1605, made along
Read more

Kiev 35 mm cameras Kiev (brand)

-
kiev 4a rangefinder camera kiev 4 jupiter-8m lens , original camera case kiev produced several 35 mm film rangefinder cameras clones of pre-war contax ii , contax iii cameras, , range of 35mm slr cameras. after war had ended, soviet union demanded new sets of contax tools original toolmaker in dresden , ordered fair number of trial cameras made zeiss trademarks , coated lenses these 1946 in postwar east germany. successful, german instructors transferred kiev. missing specialists in few cases recruited in west germany. still available parts went in same direction. in fact, removing front of kiev ii cameras, 1 see metal stamped contax name, pressed out , re-stamped kiev. kiev 15 tee kiev 19 body kiev rangefinders retained same lens mount prewar contax rangefinders , lenses can interchanged. cameras went through few minor modifications become kiev iii , kiev 4. there kiev 5 modernized upper part integrated meter. attractive, though poorly made , unreliable, production terminated. other m
Read more

Types Stern

-
1 types 1.1 transom 1.2 elliptical 1.3 cruiser 1.4 others types transom 1. keel (light peach) 2. skeg (dark purple) 3. deadwood (olive drab) 4. stern post (forest green) 5. filling chock (bright yellow) 6. filling transoms (pale yellow-green) 7. wing transom (turquoise) 8. helm port (orange) 9. counter timbers (pale violet) 10. margin (indigo) 11. horn timber (green) 12. stern timbers (apricot) 13. side-counter timbers (pale yellow) 14. quarter-timbers (red) 15. fashion timber (fuchsia) 16. cant frames (blue) 17. square body frames (uncolored) in naval architecture, term transom has 2 meanings. first, transom can refer of individual beams run side-to-side or athwart hull @ point abaft fashion timber; second, transom can refer flat or curved surface panel of transom stern. in sense, transom stern product of use of series of transoms, , hence 2 terms have blended. the stern of classical sailing ship housed captain s quarters , became increasingly large , elaborate between 15th , 18th
Read more