Succession to Hadrian, 136–138 Early life and career of Marcus Aurelius

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portrait of young marcus aurelius on modern bust, marble, 150–200 ad; ng prague, kinský palace.


in late 136, hadrian died haemorrhage. convalescent in villa @ tivoli, selected lucius ceionius commodus successor, , adopted him son. selection done invitis omnibus, against wishes of ; rationale still unclear. part of adoption, commodus took name lucius aelius caesar. after brief stationing on danube frontier, aelius returned rome make address senate on first day of 138. night before speech, however, grew ill, , died of haemorrhage later in day. on 24 january 138, hadrian selected aurelius antoninus new successor. after few days consideration, antoninus accepted. adopted on 25 february. part of hadrian s terms, antoninus adopted marcus , lucius commodus, son of aelius. marcus became m. aelius aurelius verus; lucius became l. aelius aurelius commodus. @ hadrian s request, antoninus daughter faustina betrothed lucius.


the night of adoption, marcus had dream. dreamed had shoulders of ivory, , when asked if bear burden, found them stronger before. appalled learn hadrian had adopted him. reluctance did move mother s house on caelian hadrian s private home.


at time in 138, hadrian requested in senate marcus exempt law barring him becoming quaestor before twenty-fourth birthday. senate complied, , marcus served under antoninus, consul 139. marcus adoption diverted him typical career path of class. adoption, have become triumvir monetalis, highly regarded post involving token administration of state mint; after that, have served tribune legion, becoming legion s nominal second-in-command. marcus have opted travel , further education instead. was, marcus set apart fellow citizens. nonetheless, biographer attests character remained unaffected: still showed same respect relations had when ordinary citizen, , thrifty , careful of possessions had been when lived in private household.



baiae, seaside resort , site of hadrian s last days. marcus holiday in town imperial family in summer of 143. (j.m.w. turner, bay of baiae, apollo , sybil, 1823)


his attempts @ suicide thwarted antoninus, hadrian left baiae, seaside resort on campanian coast. condition did not improve, , abandoned diet prescribed doctors, indulging himself in food , drink. sent antoninus, @ side when died on 10 july 138. remains buried quietly @ puteoli. marcus held gladiatorial games @ rome while pius finalized hadrian s burial arrangements. succession antoninus peaceful , stable: antoninus kept hadrian s nominees in office , appeased senate, respecting privileges , commuting death sentences of men charged in hadrian s last days. dutiful behavior, antoninus asked accept name pius .





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