Description Dark-eyed junco

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male slate-colored junco (junco hyemalis hyemalis)


adults have gray heads, necks, , breasts, gray or brown backs , wings, , white belly, show confusing amount of variation in plumage details. white outer tail feathers flash distinctively in flight , while hopping on ground. bill pale pinkish.


males tend have darker, more conspicuous markings females. dark-eyed junco 13 17.5 cm (5.1 6.9 in) long , has wingspan of 18 25 cm (7.1 9.8 in). body mass can vary 18 30 g (0.63 1.06 oz). among standard measurements, wing cord 6.6 9.3 cm (2.6 3.7 in), tail 6.1 7.3 cm (2.4 2.9 in), bill 0.9 1.3 cm (0.35 0.51 in) , tarsus 1.9 2.3 cm (0.75 0.91 in). juveniles have pale streaks , may mistaken vesper sparrows (pooecetes gramineus) until acquire adult plumage @ 2 3 months. junco fledglings heads quite uniform in color already, , bills still have conspicuous yellowish edges gape, remains of fleshy wattles guide parents when feed nestlings.


the song trill similar chipping sparrow s (spizella passerina), except red-backed junco s (see below) song more complex, similar of yellow-eyed junco (junco phaeonotus). call resembles of black-throated blue warbler s, member of new world warbler family. calls include tick sounds , high-pitched tinkling chips. known among bird language practitioners excellent bird study learning bird language.


a sample of song can heard @ usgs web site here (mp3) or @ cornell lab of ornithology web site here.








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