English gardens and follies .281700.E2.80.931800.29 History of parks and gardens of Paris

1 english gardens , follies (1700–1800)

1.1 parc monceau (1778)
1.2 parc de bagatelle (1778–1787)
1.3 garden of rodin museum (1755)

english gardens , follies (1700–1800)

gardens of elysée palace, residence of president of france (1722) largest private gardens in paris before revolution.

beginning in mid-18th century, french landscape garden began replace more formal , geometric jardin la français. new style originated in england in 18th century english landscape garden or anglo-chinese garden. inspired idealized romantic landscapes , paintings of hubert robert, claude lorrain , nicolas poussin, european ideas chinese gardens, , philosophy of jean-jacques rousseau. earliest example of style in france moulin joli (1754–1772), along seine between colombes , argenteuil. famous jardin de la reine of marie-antoinette in gardens of versailles (1774–1779).

in late 18th century paris town houses of french aristocracy, both on right bank , left bank, had gardens in english style. largest private gardens in paris (and still are) of elysée palace (1722), residence of president of france. , of hôtel matignon (1725), official residence of prime minister of france (neither open public).

the folly specific kind of paris park appeared in end of eighteenth century. privately owned open public, designed both amusement , instruction, filled architectural models different parts of world , different centuries. of paris follies had short life , divided building lots: famous follies follies of bouexière (1760), boutin (1766), beaujon (1773) , folie saint james (1777–1780). 1 survivor, transformed, parc monceau.

parc monceau (1778)


the egyptian pyramid in parc monceau, garden of times , places (1778).

parc monceau established phillippe d orléans, duke of chartres, cousin of king louis xvi, wealthy, , active in court politics , society. in 1769 had begun purchasing land park located. in 1778, decided create public park, , employed writer , painter louis carrogis carmontelle design gardens. in 1778, when garden opened, carmontelle accused of imitating english garden. in book of images of garden published in 1779, responded: not @ english garden made @ monceau... reunited in 1 single garden times , places. simple fantasy, desire have extraordinary garden, pure amusement, , not desire imitate nation, which, in making natural gardens, runs roller on lawns , ruins nature. park contained dozens of fabriques, or constructions, including egyptian pyramid, antique sculptures, gothic ruin, tatar tent, dutch windmill, minaret, roman temple, , enchanted grotto,. visitors garden instructed follow path, site site. experience enhanced park employees in exotic costumes, , camels , other rare animals.

beginning in 1781, of fabriques removed, , parc monceau remade more traditional english landscape garden. during reign of napoleon iii, park became property of city of paris, , made public park. sections of park sold construction of large new townhouses finance construction of park. park surrounded monumental ornamental iron gate , fence , planted wide variety of exotic trees, shrubs , flowers. during third french republic, park filled statues of composers , writers. arcade of old hotel de ville, burned paris commune in 1871, installed in garden provide picturesque ruin. few traces of original folly, including egyptian pyramid, can still seen.

parc de bagatelle (1778–1787)

gardens , chateau of parc de bagatelle (1778–87)



map of garden thomas blaikie

the parc de bagatelle created count of artois, future king charles x of france, on section of bois de boulogne had purchased in 1777. made wager sister-in-law, marie antoinette, build château entertained in less 3 months. construction of little château began on 21 september , finished on 26 november. chateau work of architect françois-joseph bélanger, while garden made scottish landscape designer thomas blaikie. garden built @ same time parc monceau, and, garden, filled fabriques , follies, including hill made of rocks crowned pavilion of philosophers half-gothic , half-chinese; obelisk, bridge surmounted pagoda, gothic ruins, tatar tent , spiral labyrinth. follies gradually disappeared, , park became more traditional english garden. pavilion on top of pile of rocks replaced more traditional structure. during second empire, pavilion of eugénie in rose garden added, in honor of frequent visits garden of empress of napoleon iii.

after french revolution, garden nationalized , made restaurant , place balls , festivals. after restoration of monarchy, returned count of artois, family sold in 1835 richard seymour-conway, 4th marquess of hertford, english aristocrat had settled in paris. , heir, sir richard wallace purchased additional land , enlarged garden 16 24 hectares , reconstructed it, adding new terraces, lawns, picturesque pond lily-pads, , many trees, including giant sequoia, planted in 1845, more 45 meters high.

the rose garden of bagatelle

in 1905 heirs of richard wallace ceded park city of paris, made extensive additions, including enlarged rose garden, became site of concours international de roses nouvelles de bagatelle, international competition of new roses, in 1907.

garden of rodin museum (1755)

gardens of musée rodin (1755).



the gardens of musée rodin, modern reinterpretation of 18th-century formal residential garden

the musée rodin constructed between 1728 , 1731 townhouse abraham peyrenc, wealthy paris wig-maker. second owner, duchess of maine, created long green lawn-bowling, 2 covered alleys, , grove of trees left of entrance. house , garden purchased 1755 louis antoine de gontaut, duke of biron , marechal of royal army. enlarged garden south. following design of architect pierre-françois aubert , gardener dominique moisy, garden became model of classic french formal garden; lawn divided long north-south perspective , made 4 sections of flowerbeds around eighteen-meter basin. east side of garden filled trees, , added orangerie, dutch tulip garden, , vegetable garden @ end. duke held elaborate festivities , garden parties there, , opened garden public.

the duke died in 1788, on eve of revolution. after revolution house , garden became property of papal legate, of russian ambassador, , then, in 1820, of religious order, dames du sacré-coeur-du-jésus, , served boarding school until 1904. during time basin filled in, garden largely let grow wild, orchard of fruit trees added. dames built neo-gothic chapel in 1875, which, after order dissolved in 1904, became residence writers , artists rent space. sculptor auguste rodin became 1 of tenants in 1908. house , garden purchased french state in 1911. part of garden taken build neighboring lycée victor duruy, rodin remained tenant , placed works of sculpture along main path. after death in 1917, became museum devoted work, opened in 1919.

the basin restored in 1927, otherwise garden remained had been under religious order. beginning in 1993, garden redesigned landscape designer jacques sgard both open-air gallery display works of rodin, recapture appearance of 18th-century formal french residential garden.