Sun as center of the Universe History of the center of the Universe

the heliocentric model nicolaus copernicus de revolutionibus orbium coelestium

heliocentrism, or heliocentricism, astronomical model in earth , planets revolve around relatively stationary sun @ center of our solar system. word comes greek (ἥλιος helios sun , κέντρον kentron center ).

the notion earth revolves around sun had been proposed 3rd century bce aristarchus of samos, had received no support other ancient astronomers.

nicolaus copernicus major theory of heliocentric model published in de revolutionibus orbium coelestium (on revolutions of celestial spheres), in 1543, year of death, though had formulated theory several decades earlier. copernicus ideas not accepted, did begin paradigm shift away ptolemaic geocentric model heliocentric model. copernican revolution, paradigm shift come called, last until isaac newton’s work on century later.

johannes kepler published first 2 laws planetary motion in 1609, having found them analyzing astronomical observations of tycho brahe. kepler s third law published in 1619. first law orbit of every planet ellipse sun @ 1 of 2 foci.

on 7 january 1610 galileo used telescope, optics superior had been available before. described 3 fixed stars, totally invisible smallness , close jupiter, , lying on straight line through it. observations on subsequent nights showed positions of these stars relative jupiter changing in way have been inexplicable if had been fixed stars. on 10 january galileo noted 1 of them had disappeared, observation attributed being hidden behind jupiter. within few days concluded orbiting jupiter: galileo stated had reached conclusion on 11 january. had discovered 3 of jupiter s 4 largest satellites (moons). discovered fourth on 13 january.

his observations of satellites of jupiter created revolution in astronomy: planet smaller planets orbiting did not conform principles of aristotelian cosmology, held heavenly bodies should circle earth, , many astronomers , philosophers refused believe galileo have discovered such thing.

newton made clear heliocentric view of solar system – developed in modern way, because in mid-1680s recognised deviation of sun centre of gravity of solar system. newton, not precisely centre of sun or other body considered @ rest, rather common centre of gravity of earth, sun , planets esteem d centre of world , , centre of gravity either @ rest or moves uniformly forward in right line (newton adopted @ rest alternative in view of common consent centre, wherever was, @ rest).

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