Signs and symptoms Cushing's syndrome

symptoms of cushing s syndrome



increased hair , stria in person medication-induced cushing’s syndrome



features of cushing syndrome including round face, acne, reddish skin, central obesity, , poor muscle tone

symptoms include rapid weight gain, particularly of trunk , face sparing of limbs (central obesity). common signs include growth of fat pads along collarbone, on of neck ( buffalo hump or lipodystrophy), , on face ( moon face ). other symptoms include excess sweating, dilation of capillaries, thinning of skin (which causes easy bruising , dryness, particularly hands) , mucous membranes, purple or red striae (the weight gain in cushing s syndrome stretches skin, thin , weakened, causing hemorrhage) on trunk, buttocks, arms, legs, or breasts, proximal muscle weakness (hips, shoulders), , hirsutism (facial male-pattern hair growth), baldness and/or extremely dry , brittle hair. in rare cases, cushing s can cause hypocalcemia. excess cortisol may affect other endocrine systems , cause, example, insomnia, inhibited aromatase, reduced libido, impotence in men, , amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhea , infertility in women due elevations in androgens. studies have shown resultant amenorrhea due hypercortisolism, feeds onto hypothalamus resulting in decreased levels of gnrh release.

cognitive conditions, including memory , attention dysfunctions, depression, commonly associated elevated cortisol, , may indicators of exogenous or endogenous cushing s. depression , anxiety disorders common.

other striking , distressing skin changes may appear in cushing s syndrome include facial acne, susceptibility superficial fungus (dermatophyte , malassezia) infections, , characteristic purplish, atrophic striae on abdomen.

other signs include increased urination (and accompanying increased thirst), persistent high blood pressure (due cortisol s enhancement of epinephrine s vasoconstrictive effect) , insulin resistance (especially common acth production outside pituitary), leading high blood sugar , insulin resistance can lead diabetes mellitus. insulin resistance accompanied skin changes such acanthosis nigricans in axilla , around neck, skin tags in axilla. untreated cushing s syndrome can lead heart disease , increased mortality. cortisol can exhibit mineralocorticoid activity in high concentrations, worsening hypertension , leading hypokalemia (common in ectopic acth secretion). furthermore, excessive cortisol may lead gastrointestinal disturbances, opportunistic infections, , impaired wound healing related cortisol s suppression of immune , inflammatory responses. osteoporosis issue in cushing s syndrome since osteoblast activity inhibited. additionally, cushing s syndrome may cause sore , aching joints, particularly in hip, shoulders, , lower back. cushing’s syndrome includes causes of increased cortisol leading diseased state. cushing’s disease specific type of cushing’s syndrome caused pituitary tumor leading excessive production of acth (adrenocorticotropic hormone). excessive acth stimulates adrenal cortex produce high levels of cortisol, producing disease state. cushing s disease due excess acth may result in hyperpigmentation. due melanocyte-stimulating hormone production byproduct of acth synthesis pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc). alternatively, proposed high levels of acth, β-lipotropin, , γ-lipotropin, contain weak msh function, can act on melanocortin 1 receptor. variant of cushing s disease can caused ectopic, i.e. extrapituitary, acth production from, example, small-cell lung cancer. when cushing s syndrome caused increase of cortisol @ level of adrenal glands (via adenoma or hyperplasia), negative feedback reduces acth production in pituitary. in these cases, acth levels remain low , no hyperpigmentation develops. while cushing’s disease gives cushing’s syndrome, not cushing’s syndrome due cushing’s disease.

brain changes such cerebral atrophy may occur. atrophy associated areas of high glucocorticoid receptor concentrations such hippocampus , correlates highly psychopathological personality changes.

rapid weight gain
moodiness, irritability, or depression
muscle , bone weakness
memory , attention dysfunction
osteoporosis
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
immune suppression
sleep disturbances
menstrual disorders such amenorrhea in women
decreased fertility in men
hirsutism
baldness
hypercholesterolemia




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