Steps taken to discourage draws or short draws Draw by agreement

1 steps taken discourage draws or short draws

1.1 theoretical draws allowed (sofia rules)
1.2 no draw offers before move
1.3 replay game (gladiator chess)
1.4 3-1-0 scoring system
1.5 bap scoring system
1.6 other scoring systems
1.7 financial penalties

steps taken discourage draws or short draws

although many games logically end in draw after hard-fought battle between players, there have been attempts throughout history discourage or disallow draws. chess played sport contestants can agree draw @ time reason.

because such quick draws considered unsatisfactory both spectators (who may see half-an-hour of play nothing interesting happening) , sponsors (who suffer decreased interest in media), various measures have been adopted on years discourage players agreeing draws.

only theoretical draws allowed (sofia rules)

chess trainer mark dvoretsky, writing in column chess cafe website, suggested agreed draws should not allowed @ all, pointing out such agreement cannot reached in other sports such boxing. although have claimed outlawing agreed draws entirely requires players carry on playing in dead positions (where no side can reasonably play win), dvoretsky says small problem , effort required play out these positions until draw can claimed repetition or lack of material, example, minimal.

the sofia 2005 tournament employed similar rule, has become known sofia rules . players not draw agreement, have draws stalemate, threefold repetition, fifty-move rule, , insufficient material. other draws allowed if arbiter declares drawn position.

also known sofia-corsica rules , anti-draw measure adopted in bilbao final masters , fide grand prix 2008-2010 (part of world chess championship 2012) did not allow players offer draw. draw had claimed arbiter, assisted experienced grandmaster. following draws allowed through chief arbiter:

threefold repetition of position
fifty-move rule
perpetual check
a theoretical draw

no draw offers before move

in 1929 first edition of fide laws of chess required thirty moves played before draw agreement. rule discarded when rules revised in 1952. in 1954 fide rejected request reinstate rule, did state unethical , unsportsmanlike agree draw before serious contest had begun. fide stated director should discipline players repeatedly disrespect guideline, seemed have no effect on players. in 1962 fide reinstated version of rule against draws agreement in fewer thirty moves, director allowing them in exceptional circumstances. fide had intention of enforcing rule , penalty loss of game both players. however, players ignored or got around intentional threefold repetition. directors unable or unwilling enforce rule. in 1963 fide made attempt strengthen rule. draws agreement before thirty moves forbidden, , penalty forfeit both players. directors investigate draws repetition of position see if circumvent rule. rule dropped in 1964 because decided had not encouraged aggressive play (harkness 1967:50–52), (just & burg 2003:xxiv).

in 2003, gm maurice ashley wrote essay end of draw offer?, raised discussion ways avoid quick agreed draws in chess tournaments. ashley proposed draw offers not allowed before move 50.

the 2003 generation chess international tournament in new york city had rule draws not agreed before move fifty (draws other means, such threefold repetition or stalemate, permissible @ stage).

in world chess championship 2016, players not permitted agree draw before move 30.

replay game (gladiator chess)

in first international round-robin tournament in london in 1862, drawn games had replayed until there decisive result. similar format, called gladiator chess, introduced in danish chess championships 2006.

proposed cure severe acute drawitis fide officials eliminates draws forcing fast time control game played after accepted draw proposal ensure there winner , loser. 1 potential issue proposal both players can agree draw in tournament game , play speed chess game decide things. fide 128 player tournament has seen many matches 2 tournament time control games drawn , advancement decided rapid (thirty minutes game) or blitz (five minutes) games.

3-1-0 scoring system

the 3-1-0 scoring system awards 3 points win, 1 point draw, , no points loss. system discourages draws, since draws worth two-thirds of previous value. adopted fifa in 1994, after many football leagues around world had used reduce number of stalling draws. fifa formerly employed 2-1-0 scoring system, equivalent used in chess today: 1 point win, half point draw, , no points loss. 3-1-0 system first used in 2003 lippstadt chess tournament , again in 2008 bilbao chess tournament.

at 1964 fide congress, puerto rican delegate proposed win given 4 points, draw given 2 points, game played , lost 1 point, , no points forfeit. had been suggested isaac kashdan not implemented. in absence of forfeits, equivalent 3-1-0 scoring system.

bap scoring system

the bap system designed make undesirable 1 or both players agree draw changing point value of win/loss/draw based on color played: 3 points winning black, 2 points winning white, 1 point drawing black, , no points drawing white or losing either white or black.

the bap system developed clint ballard, chess aficionado , software-company president, named ballard anti-draw point system (bap). ballard explained purpose of bap system: usual flurry of last round draws in tournaments makes chess unmarketable on tv. no excitement, no drama, no tv money chess. chess never succeed in american tv market until eliminate draw other rare outcome. anti-draw point system, hoping make 100% of games fighting games risk , uncertainty, i.e. dramatic potential.

the bap system first used in 2006 bainbridge slugfest tournament.

other scoring systems

there have been proposals kinds of draws should worth more points others – example, awarding half point agreed draw, three-quarters of point side delivering stalemate (one-quarter of point going side stalemated).

financial penalties

in 2005, gm john nunn wrote believed rules did not need change, , simple solution organizers not invite players known taking short draws.

in mentioned 2003 generation chess international tournament, players agreeing premature draws fined 10% of appearance fee , 10% of prize money won. in similar vein, tournament organiser luis rentero (best known organising strong tournaments in linares) has enforced rule whereby draws cannot agreed before move thirty.